In 58 BC, after Cleopatra allowed Egyptian daughter Berenice IV to inherit the throne, Cleopatra may be exiled to Rome with his father Ptolemy XII. When Ptolemy returned to Egypt with Roman military assistance, Berenice was killed in 55 BC. When he died in 51 BC, Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII began a joint rule, but the conflict between them led to a civil war.In the Caesar Civil War, he lost the battle of Faros in 48 BC, defeated his rival Julius Caesar (Roman dictator and consul), and Roman politician Pompeo fled to Egypt. Pompeo was a political ally of Ptolemy XII, but Ptolemy XIII, under the urging of his court officer, ambushed and killed Pompeo before Caesar arrived and occupied Alexandria. Caesar then tried to reconcile the hostile Ptolemy brothers and sisters, but Ptolemy's chief adviser Potheinos believed that Caesar's statement was beneficial to Cleopatra, so his troops besieged her and Caesar in the palace.Shortly after lifting the siege through reinforcements, Ptolemy XIII was killed in the battle of the Nile in 47 BC. Cleopatra's half-sister Arsinoe IV was eventually exiled to Ephesus for his role in siege. Caesar proclaimed Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIV as joint rulers, but maintained a personal relationship with Cleopatra and gave birth to a son, Caesarion. Cleopatra traveled to Rome as a customer queen in 46 and 44 BC and remained in Caesar's villa. After Caesar (and her order) Ptolemy XIV was assassinated in 44 BC, she appointed Caesarion as co-ruler.


During the Civil War of the Liberators in 43-42 BC, Cleopatra stood in the second place in Rome composed of Grand Duke Caesar and nephew Octavian, Mark Anthony and Marcus Emilius Lepides Beside the victory camp. After meeting at Tarsos in 41 BC, the queen had an affair with Anthony. He executed Arsinoe 's execution at her request and became increasingly dependent on Cleopatra 's funds and military assistance during the invasion of the Parthian Empire and the Kingdom of Armenia. Alexander's donation announces that their children, Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Serena II, and Ptolemy Ferradups rulers, were under Anthony's triumph virus in various former territories.
This incident, their marriage and the divorce between Anthony and Octavia's sister Octavia Minor led to the final war in the Roman Republic. Octavian fought a propaganda war, forcing Anthony's allies in the Roman Senate to flee from Rome in 32 BC and declare war on Cleopatra.After defeating Anthony and Cleopatra's naval fleet at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Octavian's forces invaded Egypt and defeated Anthony in 30 BC, causing Anthony to commit suicide. When Cleopatra learned that Octavian planned to take her to the triumph team in Rome, she was poisoned (contrary to popular belief that she was bitten by asp).

The heritage of Cleopatra is preserved in ancient and modern art. Roman historiography and Latin poetry produced a generally critical view of the Queen, which was widely circulated in later medieval and Renaissance literature. In terms of visual arts, her ancient works include Roman busts, paintings and sculptures, reliefs and glass, Ptolemy and Roman coinage, and reliefs. In the Renaissance and Baroque art, she was the subject of many works, including opera, painting, poetry, sculpture and drama.Since the Victorian era, she has become a popular cultural icon of Egyptian culture, and in modern times, Cleopatra has appeared in practical art, comic satire, Hollywood movies, and commercial product brand images.